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Candles

Transcript: The Chemistry in Candles By: Hannah Jabusch First Component Properties: -repels water -usually less dense than water -burns -may be used as fuel Colors of the Flame Blue Zone -incomplete combustion; only a fraction of the paraffin molecules are converted to water and carbon dioxide -temperature around 1200 degrees Celsius -due to convection -combustion occurs as wax vapor combines with oxygen producing a candle flame (cc) photo by Metro Centric on Flickr -unburned wax vapor accumulates -wax vaporizes upon contact with the burning flame -alkane -when the wick is lit, a little pool of molten wax forms -transports the fuel source -free carbon atoms are released as smoke -the flame gives off invisible beams of heat in all directions by radiation -coolest part of the flame -combustion of paraffin is nearly complete -wax only burns when in vapor phase -cohesion between the liquid paraffin molecules -adhesion between the molecules and the wick -absorbency of paper towels The Wax -conduction carries heat down the wick to melt more wax -plasma exists in the sun and in lightening bolts Luminous Zone Chemical formula: C25H52 (cc) photo by jimmyharris on Flickr (cc) photo by Franco Folini on Flickr -water travels upward to tops of trees -by-product of distillation of petroleum -coated in flame-retardant solution C25H52 + 38O2 --> 25CO2 + 26H2O -temperature around 1400 degrees Celsius -wax in the liquid state travels up through the wick by capillary action Shape of the Flame The Wick -if there is a breeze, there is more smoke Examples -cooler, denser air rushes in from below, pushing up the less dense warmer air to give the flame its shape - made out of a chemical compound called paraffin (cc) photo by Metro Centric on Flickr The Dark Zone -has a zinc core to make it sturdy Paraffin -temperature at around 800 degrees Celsius -blue flame exists in the plasma phase

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