Human Nutrition Powerpoint
Transcript: Carbohydrates Lipids Provide water-repelling nature to aquatic birds and mammals. Serve as building blocks for many hormones. Constitute an important part of the plasma membrane. Lipids are hydrophobic, meaning they are water-fearing. They are insoluble in water due to their nonpolar nature. The hydrophobic nature of lipids makes them repel water. Nonpolar molecules make lipids unable to mix with water. Lipids exhibit a strong aversion to water due to their nonpolar composition. Carbohydrates meet your body's energy needs. Roles of carbohydrates include: - Feeding your brain and nervous system. - Keeping your digestive system fit. - Helping keep your body lean within calorie limits. - Adding bulk to foods along with fats and protein. Indigestible carbohydrates yield other benefits besides providing little or no energy. Managing Intake: Recent research suggests limiting starch intake to <1 g starch/kg BW/meal to reduce the risk of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (Luthersson et al 2009). Deficiencies of iodine and selenium induce poor utilization of absorbed iron that aggravates iron deficiency in humans (Welch, 1986). Finally, vitamin B12 deficiency can cause anemia (iron-resistant or pernicious anemia), and although there are no extensive maps of cobalt-deficient soils (vitamin B12 contains cobalt), the extent of vitamin B12 deficiency is increasing as more extensive testing is conducted (Stabler and Allen, 2004). Older human nutrition texts identify iron-deficiency anemia as one symptom of zinc deficiency Salmon, trout, and tuna are rich in omega-3 fatty acids. Omega-3 fatty acids play a crucial role in brain function and normal growth. They may contribute to the prevention of heart disease. They can also reduce the risk of cancer. Salmon, trout, and tuna are rich in omega-3 fatty acids. Omega-3 fatty acids play a key role in brain function and growth. They have potential for preventing heart disease. They may contribute to reducing cancer risk. Reference: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/human-nutrition Reference: https://opentextbc.ca/biology/chapter/2-3-biological-molecules/ Vitamins Proteins Proteins are abundant organic molecules in living systems. Proteins have a diverse range of functions, including structural, regulatory, contractile, and protective roles. They can serve in transport, storage, or membranes. Proteins may also function as toxins or enzymes. Vitamins and minerals are micronutrients needed in small amounts. They do not provide energy, but are essential for metabolic processes. They enable the body to extract energy from macronutrients like carbohydrates, protein, and fat. Micronutrients support the utilization and absorption of macronutrients. Vitamins and minerals play a crucial role in overall nutrient metabolism and utilization. Enzymes are catalysts in biochemical reactions, produced by living cells. Enzymes are usually proteins and are specific for the substrate they act upon. They function to break molecular bonds, rearrange bonds, or form new bonds. Consuming orange and yellow fruit and vegetables provides essential vitamins and minerals. These include carrots, red capsicum, mangoes, sweet potatoes, apricots, pumpkin, and cantaloupe. Leafy green vegetables like spinach, peas, and broccoli are also rich in key nutrients. Incorporating these colorful vegetables into your diet can support overall health and well-being. The combination of these fruits and vegetables contributes to a balanced and nutritious diet. Refeerence:https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/Vitamins-and-minerals#about-vitamins-and-minerals Minerals Water Water is vital to our health. It plays a key role in many of our body’s functions, including bringing nutrients to cells, getting rid of wastes, protecting joints and organs, and maintaining body temperature. Water should almost always be your go-to beverage. Choose it over sugary drinks like soda or juice, which can be high in simple sugars and calories. Zinc is essential for growth, development, and immune function. Zinc plays a role in producing the active form of vitamin A. Zinc facilitates the transportation of vitamin A throughout the body. Fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K can be stored long-term in the liver and body fat. Water-soluble vitamins, such as B-complex and vitamin C, have shorter storage periods. Vitamin deficiency takes weeks or months to impact health. It’s recommended that men drink 13 cups (about 3 liters) of water each day. Women are recommended to drink 9 cups (just over 2 liters) of water each day. Pregnant women should drink 10 cups of water daily, and breastfeeding women should drink 12 cups. Kids and teens should drink 6 to 8 cups of water a day. Again, this all depends on activity level, age, weight, etc. Reference: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/Vitamins-and-minerals#about-vitamins-and-minerals Reference: